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Yard journal · Industry

What “food grade” actually means for a used box

It is the question we decline most often, and the one where a straight answer is worth more than a sale. Where used stock genuinely works in food, and where it absolutely does not.
Published
June 18, 2024
Written by
Ruthanne Pilcher
Reading time
10 minutes

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Key takeaways

  • One question decides it: does unpackaged product touch the board? If yes, buy new.
  • We can document grade, inspection record, source sector and our written standard. We cannot document mill certification or furnish.
  • Every inbound lot is recorded by source sector, so supply can be restricted to non-food industrial sources or to known-contents food sources.
  • At most food sites, forty to sixty per cent of bulk packaging spend falls outside the contact-critical category and is never reviewed.

We turn down food enquiries most weeks. Not because used boxes are unsuitable for food operations — a great many food plants buy from us — but because the specific application does not permit them, and pretending otherwise would be a very short-term way to run a business.

The question that decides it

Does unpackaged product touch the board?

If yes: buy new, to a food-grade specification, with documentation. No used container carries the traceability of furnish, process and handling that a food-contact specification requires, and no liner-based argument changes that.

If no — the product is packaged, or there is a certified barrier between it and the board — then the box is doing a structural job, and a graded used container does that job identically to a new one at roughly half the price.

Where used stock genuinely works

Food and beverage applications
ApplicationUsed stock?RequirementNote
Packaged product in bulkYesGrade 2ANo contact; the box is a shipper
Dry ingredients with certified linerUsuallyGrade 2A plus linerYour quality team's written position governs
Hygroscopic powdersOftenGrade 1A – 2A, foil linerSquare footprint so the liner does not bunch
Packaging components — caps, labels, preformsYesGrade 3ANo contact concern at all
Seasonal surge capacityYesGrade 2A – 3AReserve ahead of the peak
Direct contact, unpackaged foodNoNew, food-gradeWe source it rather than substitute
Wet or high-fat productNoNew, specifiedMigration risk; not a used-box application

What we can and cannot document

We can supply: the assigned grade, the inspection record, the sector the boxes came from, our written grading standard, and confirmation that every box was individually opened, checked for residue and odour, and moisture-metered.

We cannot supply: mill certification, furnish composition, or an unbroken chain of custody from pulp to pallet. Any used-packaging supplier claiming otherwise should be asked, politely, how.

The honest answer costs us perhaps forty thousand dollars a year in declined enquiries. It has earned considerably more than that in food customers who trusted the rest of what we told them.
Ruthanne Pilcher, partner

Allergens and previous contents

Every inbound lot is recorded with the sector it came from. For food customers we will restrict supply to lots from non-food industrial sources, or from food sources with known contents, depending on which risk profile their quality system prefers — and they are frequently different answers.

Anything with residue, odour or unidentified contents is rejected at our dock regardless of who it came from. That has been the rule since 2013 and it is not negotiable, mostly because the alternative is being the company that supplied the box in somebody’s recall investigation.

The audit question

Some certification schemes require documented container provenance irrespective of liners. If yours does, used stock is out for that application, and we would rather you heard that in the first email than in an audit finding.

We have supported four customer audits involving our material. None produced a finding, largely because we had already been clear about the boundary of what used packaging can claim.

The practical recommendation

Split the estate. Qualified contact applications go to new board. Warehouse, distribution, components, consumables and packaged-product shipping go to graded used stock with the appropriate liner. At most food sites we work with, the second category is between forty and sixty per cent of bulk packaging spend, and it is almost never reviewed.

Questions

Follow-ups on this post.

What documentation can we expect with a delivery?
Assigned grade, inspection record including moisture readings, the sector the boxes came from, and our written grading standard. Supplied per lot, at no cost, and retained here for seven years.
How do you handle allergen risk?
By recording the previous contents sector for every inbound load and rejecting anything with residue or odour outright. For allergen-controlled environments the conservative answer is a sealed liner plus new board, and we will say so.

Ruthanne Pilcher · June 18, 2024 · Industry

Written at the ReGaylord reload yard, 3259 Fiberglass Rd, Kansas City, Kansas. If any of it is wrong, or you have better data, tell us — several of these posts exist in their current form because a customer argued with an earlier one.

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